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Specifications
| Box type | |||
| Model no. | 9PC8666X-S001 | 9PC8666X-S101 | |
| Size [mm] | 86 (H) × 66 (W) × 38 (D) | ||
| Rated voltage [V] | 12/24/48 | ||
| Power consumption [W] | 0.2(1) | ||
| Operating temperature [˚C] | -20 to +70 | ||
| Input terminal | Input voltage range [V] (V+, V-) | 7 to 60 | |
| Control voltage range [V] | 0 to 5.5 | ||
| Output terminal | PWM signal output | VOH (high level voltage): 3.3 or 5 VDC selectable | |
| PWM frequency [kHz] | 25 | 1 | |
| Output current | 20 mA max. (total sum of 4 terminals) | ||
| Output breakdown voltage [V] | 6.5 | ||
| No. of connectable fans | Up to 4 fans | ||
| Control functions(2) | Voltage control, Internal adjustment (variable resistor) control, External adjustment (variable resistor) control(3), Thermistor control(3) | ||
| Mounting method | DIN rail mounting or screw mounting (M3 screws, recommended tightening torque 0.5 N・m max.) | ||
| Mass [g] | 110 | ||
| Material | Case: Plastic | ||
(1) When output terminals are turned on.
(2) Control functions are mutually exclusive for Box type.
(3) Variable resistor and thermistor are not supplied with the controller and need to be prepared separately.
Note: Be noted that if applied input voltage or frequency is out of range of the connected fan, how the fan speed responds to the PWM duty cycle may be altered.
| PCB type | |||||||
| Model no. | 9PC8045D-V001 | 9PC8045D-R001 | 9PC8045D-T001 | 9PC8045D-V101 | 9PC8045D-R101 | 9PC8045D-T101 | |
| Size [mm] | 80 (H) × 45 (W) × 17 (D) | ||||||
| Rated voltage [V] | 12/24/48 | ||||||
| Power consumption [W] | 0.2(1) | ||||||
| Operating temperature [˚C] | -20 to +70 | ||||||
| Input terminal | Input voltage range [V] (V+, V-) | 7 to 60 | |||||
| Control voltage range [V] | 0 to 5.5 | ||||||
| Output terminal | PWM signal output | VOH (high level voltage): 3.3 or 5 VDC selectable | |||||
| PWM frequency [kHz] | 25 | 1 | |||||
| Output current | 20 mA max. (total sum of 4 terminals) | ||||||
| Output breakdown voltage [V] | 6.5 | ||||||
| No. of connectable fans | Up to 4 fans | ||||||
| Control functions | Voltage control | Variable resistor control(3) | Thermistor control(3) | Voltage control | Variable resistor control(3) | Thermistor control(3) | |
| Mounting method | Screw mounting (M3 screws, recommended tightening torque 0.5 N・m max.) | ||||||
| Mass [g] | 27 | ||||||
| Material | PCB: FR-4 | ||||||
1. The principle of the PWM pulse generator
1.1 Basic Principles
A PWM pulse generator adjusts the average voltage of the output signal by varying the pulse width. A PWM signal consists of a series of pulses, each with a specific frequency and duty cycle. The duty cycle refers to the ratio of the pulse's high-level duration to the total period. By adjusting the duty cycle, it is possible to precisely control the output signal.
1.2 Duty Cycle Adjustment
For example, in a PWM signal with a period of 20 milliseconds, if the high-level duration is 10 milliseconds, the duty cycle is 50%.
1.3 Waveform of the PWM signal
The waveform of a PWM signal has the following characteristics:
Constant frequency: The frequency of the PWM signal typically remains constant, and the output is adjusted by varying the duty cycle.
Variable width: The width of the high-level signal is variable, and the width of the low-level signal changes accordingly, thereby achieving different duty cycles.
2. Structure of the PWM Pulse Generator
2.1 Basic Components
The basic components of a PWM pulse generator include:
Clock source: Provides a stable clock signal used as the reference frequency for generating PWM signals.
Counter: Used to count clock pulses, determining the period and frequency of the PWM signal.
Comparator: Compares the counter’s output with a preset duty cycle value to determine the high-to-low level transitions of the PWM signal.
Control circuit: Used to set the duty cycle and frequency, and to perform signal processing and output.
2.2 Typical Circuit Design
A typical PWM pulse generator circuit design includes:
555 Timer Circuit: Use a 555 timer as a PWM signal generator, and adjust the duty cycle by modifying the external resistors and capacitors.
Microcontroller: Uses the microcontroller’s timer module to generate PWM signals, offering flexible programmable control capabilities.
Dedicated PWM chips—such as the TL494 and SG3525—are specialized integrated circuits that combine PWM signal generation and control functions, making them ideal for power management and motor control applications.
3. Applications of the PWM Pulse Generator
3.1 Motor Control
PWM pulse generators are widely used in the control of DC motors and brushless motors. By adjusting the duty cycle of the PWM signal, it is possible to control the motor’s speed and torque. PWM control offers the advantage of rapid response and is well-suited for applications in industrial automation, robotics, household appliances, and other fields.
3.2 Lighting Adjustment
PWM technology is used for brightness adjustment in LED lighting. By modulating the duty cycle, it enables linear control of LED brightness. PWM dimming features low power consumption, flicker-free operation, and a wide dimming range, making it widely adopted in smart lighting systems and stage lighting control.
3.3 Power Management
The PWM pulse generator is used in switching power supplies to control the switching frequency and duty cycle of the power converter, thereby achieving stable regulation of the output voltage and current. PWM technology plays a crucial role in power management systems such as DC-DC converters, inverters, and chargers.
3.4 Audio Signal Processing
PWM technology is used for the modulation and demodulation of digital audio signals. By filtering and amplifying the PWM signal, high-fidelity audio output can be achieved. PWM audio amplifiers offer advantages such as high efficiency, low distortion, and excellent sound quality, making them widely used in audio systems and portable electronic devices.
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